CONTRIBUTIONS

TO THE

NATURAL HISTORY

OF THE

LEPIDOPTERA

OF

NORTH AMERICA

VOL. V

No. 1

NOTES ON AUTOMERIS REVISION OF GROTELLA NOTES ON CUCULLIAN^ NOTES ON DREPANA NEW GENERA AND SPECIES

BY

WILLIAM BARNES, S. B., M. D.

AND

F. H. BENJAMIN, S. B., M. A.

DECATUR. ILL.

THE RIVIEW PRESS

JUNE 24. 19M

A fir-

NOTES ON THE SPECIES OF AUTOMERIS FROM

BOREAL AMERICA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS

OF TWO NEW RACES

The recent addition of specimens of A. io race color ad ensis, Ckll., necessitated the rearrangement of the case containing A. io. When this arrangement was completed two undescribed Geographical Races of A. io were found. These will be described in sequence, but it is thought best to place our ideas of the Automeris species and forms in the present paper. Only that part of the bibliography which may prove of interest is given.

Automeris pamina, Neum.

1882, Pap. II, 60, Hyperchiria; 1886, Sm., Proc. U. S. N. M., IX, 435, Hyper- chiria; 1894, Neum. and Dyar, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., II, 127, Automeris; 1903, Holl., Moth Book, p. 89, pi. IX, f. 6 (as aurosea) Automeris; 1914, Pack., Mon. Bomb. Moths N. A., Ill, 104, pi. XIX. £f. 1-6, LIX, 8-9, LXVII, 6-7, Auto- meris.

We place this as the form with the primaries not suffused with rufous, in accordance with specimens compared with types. We have this form from Yavapai Co., Prescott, Phoenix and Palmerlee, Ariz. Type locality, Prescott, Ariz. ; Type $ and 9 . Collection Neumoe- gen.

Automeris pamina aurosea, Neum.

1882, Pap. II, 61, Hyperchiria; 1886, Sm., Proc. U. S. N. M., IX, 435 Hyperchiria; 1894, Neum. and Dyar, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, II, 127, Automeris; 1914, Pack., (Ckll.), Mon. Bomb. Moths N. A., Ill, 105, pi. LXVII, ff. 8-9, Automeris.

We place this as the form with the primaries more or less suffused with rufous, in accordance with specimens compared with type. We have this form from Yavapai Co., Prescott and Palmerlee, Ariz. Type locality, Prescott, Ariz. ; Type $ and 9 . Collection Neumoegen.

Automeris zephyria, Grt.

1882, Can. Ent., XIV, 215, Hyperchiria; 1885, Snow, Trans. Kan. Acad. Sci., IX, 61, Hyperchiria. (biol.) ; 1886 Sm., Proc. U. S. N. M., IX, 436, Hyper- chiria; 1894, Neum. and Dyar, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, II, 127, Automeris; 1903,

Holl., Moth Book, p. 89, pi. VIII, f. 5, Automeris; 1914 Pack., Mon. Bomb, Moths N. A., Ill, 105, pi. LIX, f. 7, LXVIII, 1-2 Automeris.

We have this species from New Mexico (Snow) and High Rolls, N. Mex. There is considerable variation in the amount of rufous in the ground color, otherwise the species is quite constant.

Automeris io, Fabr,

1775, Syst. Ent., p. 560, Botnbyx; 1797, Abbot and Smith, Lep. Ins. Ga.,

I, 97, pi. XLIX, Phalaena; 1841, Harris, Rept. Ins. Mass. p. 284, Saturnia, (probably race fuscus, Luther) ; 1886, Sm., Proc. U. S. N. M., IX, 434, Hyper- chiria; 1894, Neum. and Dyar, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, II, 128, Automeris; 1903, Holl, Moth Book, p. 89, pi. IX, flf. 4-5, Automeris; 1914, Pack., Mon. Bomb. Moths N. A., Ill, 97, pi. XIX, f. 7, XX, 1, LIV. 5, LX, 3-4, LXVIII, 8, (ab).

Type Locality: "America".

COROLLARIA, Perry.

1810, Perry, Arcana, Phalaena. (vide Neum. and Dyar).

VARIA, Wlk.

1855, Wlk., Cat. Lep. Het. B. M., VI, 1278, Hyperchiria; 1864, Pack., Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., Ill, 384, Hyperchiria; 1878 Stkr., Lep. Rhop. Het., p. 138, pi. XV, ff. 15 (ab), 16 (gynandromorph). Type locality: "North America?".

FABRICII, Bdv.

1875, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. XVII, 223, lo.

In this synonomy we simply follow the literature, especially Neumoegen and Dyar, and Packard.

Automeris io ab. argus, N. and D.

1893, Can. Ent., XXV, 123, Automeris; 1894, id.. Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc,

II, 128, Automeris; 1914, Pack, Mon. Bomb. Moths N. A., Ill, 98, Automeris.

According to Packard this form is easily recognized by the im- maculate wings showing only the large ocelli on the secondaries. We have no specimens. Type locality, Hoboken, N. J.

Automeris io race fuscus, Luther.

1907, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, XV, 131, Automeris; 1914, Pack., (Ckll, Dyar) Mon. Bomb. Moths, N. A., Ill, 98 pi. LX, ff. 1-2, Automeris; lutheri, Ckll. 1914, Packard's Mon. Bomb. Moths N. A., Ill, 99, Automeris.

Dr. Dyar states ; according to Prof. Cockerell ; that fuscus is the ordinary North Atlantic form of io. We have specimens which match the figures of the cotypes plated in Packard's Monograph. As might be expected, there is every intergrade between this race and that which goes under the name of

typical to. We wish to call attention to the fact, however, that there are several names in the synonomy of to, but until the true status of these names is carefully worked out, we are labeling our Northern forms, A. to race fuscus. Should A. fuscus, Wlk. prove to be a true Automeris then the Northern race of to will have to go under the name of lutheri, Ckll ; unless by that time one of the earlier names is found to be the same. Prof. Cockerell's name lutheri is simply intended to take the place of fuscus, Luther because of fuscus, Wlk. Type locality, Rhode Island.

Automeris io race coloradensis, Ckll.

1914, Packard's Mon. Bomb. Moths N. A., Ill, 99, Automeris.

The single female before us has the strong purplish suffusion to the secondaries mentioned by Prof. Cockerell in his original descrip- tion. Three males differ considerably, one having nearly the color and maculation of fuscus but the reniform is only about one third normal size. In this specimen the ocelli of the secondaries make contact with the black lines. The two other males have the reniform larger, nearly normal and while the ocelli of the secondaries do not touch the black lines they are much closer to it than in typical io or fuscus. We strong- ly doubt, however, that this character will prove of much value. These two males have a tendency toward the reddish suffusion found in lilith, especially pronounced in one of them. Our specimens are all from Golden, Colo. (Oslar). Type locality, Boulder, Colo.

Automeris io race lilith, Stkr.

1878, Lep. Rhop. Het., p. 139, pi. XV, F. 17 ( 5), Hyperchiria; 1886, Sm., Proc. U. S. N. M., IX, 434, Hyperchiria; 1894, Neum. and Dyar, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, II, 128, Automeris) 1914, Pack., Mon. Bomb. Moths N. A., Ill, 102, pi. LX, ff. 5-6, Automeris.

This is perhaps the most distinct race of A. io; possibly worthy of subspecific rank. Messrs. Packard and Cockerell (1914, Mon. Bomb. Moths N. A.), have shown that the larvae presented differences from the larvae of A. io. Mr. Strecker described from females, but the name must stand as a "blanket name" for two different forms of males.

Some males have the primaries a deep yellow color, nearly as in "typical" io while others have the primaries suffused with brownish- rufous. Of course, either of these males could be assigned to the name and the other given a form name. This we dislike to do, how- ever, for two reasons. One is that all intergrades are present in the

one locality and the junior author while in Mississippi reared both from one lot of larvae. The other reason is that we fear corollaria, Perry or I'aria, Wlk. may fit one or the other of the forms. The original description of varia, Wlk. rather sounds like the yellow form of lilith. Only accurate comparison with the types will ever enable anyone to give a logical synonomy for the various Eastern or South- ern races and forms of io and lilith. Type locality, Atlanta, Ga. Types, 4 $ s, Field Museum (Collection Strecker).

In conclusion we venture to describe two new races, one from New Mexico and the other from Texas.

AuTOMERis 10 race neomexicana, nov.

The females show the differences from the described forms and races of A. io in excess of those shown by the males; as is typical of all the races. Female : head and thorax similar to coloradensis, abdomen luteo-fuscous, each segment banded with deep rose cephalically. Primaries : t. a. and t. p. lines narrowly marked with blackish, which is bordered on the outside of the t. a. and inside of the t. p. with a conspicuous whitish line. Reniform but faintly distinguishable, outlined with a few whitish scales, centrally darker, almost mak- ing contact with the t. p. line. S. t. line pale, inconspicuous, but bordered inter- nally by conspicuous triangular or subtriangular spots between the veins, these spots being of a deep grayish-purple color. Ground color of primaries deep fuscous brown heavily powdered with grayish-purple scales; medial and ter- minal areas darkest; due to more of the powdering; s. t. area somewhat paler, except for the triangular spots mentioned previously, basal and subbasal areas heavily clothed with long rufous hair. Secondaries as in coloradensis but with the purplish suffusion less pronounced, more nearly as in "tjT)ical" io.

Male : one specimen shows the ground color and maculation very similar to that of fuscus, another has somewhat the general cast of the yellow form of lilith while a third shows the distinct rufous cast quite strongly pronounced. The reniform is more conspicuously outlined in blackish than any specimens before us except some of the males of lilith.

We place this form between fuscus and lilith.

It is easily distinguishable in the female by the amount of dark powder- ing on the primaries combined with the dark patches between the veins ; and in the male by the general resemblance to the yellow forms of lilith in macula- tion and often in color, and by the pronounced black ringed reniform.

Type locality and number and sexes of types: $ Holotype; $ Allotype; 2 5,1 2 Paratypes; all from Jemez Springs, New Mex., and all June 8th-15th except one $ Paratype which is without date.

AuTOMERis 10 race texana, nov.

Female; as usual, more distinctive than the male. Head and thorax very deep purple with a few orange hairs. Ground color of the primaries deep gray- purple, a few yellowish, orange, and red hairs mesad of the t. a. line which is scarcely distinguishable except on costa — radius where it is marked by a few yellowish-white hairs. Medial, s. t. and terminal spaces concolorously deep gray-purple. Reniform showing mainly as deeper and more intense in color- ation with a few bordering yellowish hairs. T. p. line similar in coloration. S. t. line pale, but decidedly inconspicuous altho somewhat marked internally by patches of deeper color between the veins. Veins crossing the s. t. and ter- minal areas, with a red cast. Secondaries similar to lilith but deeply suffused with gray-purple scales throughout the terminal areas, the subterminal band darker due to a gray-purple suffusion ; and the orange surrounding the ocellus even deeper and more intense orange than in any specimen of lilith seen by the authors.

Male : — Almost intermediate in ground color between the yellow and the brownish-rufous forms of lilith, with similar maculation ; lacking the gray shadings of the female.

We place this form last on the list of species, following A. io race lilith.

Type locality and number and sexes of types: 9 Holotype, Brownsville, Texas, the date label reading 6-11 (which we take to mean June 11th), Geo. Dor- ner. Collector; $ Allotype, Black Jack Springs, Texas, Wm. Barnes, Collector; 9 Paratype, San Benito, Texas, III-17.

Species and Forms Omitted as Exotic

AuTOMERis ZELLERi, G. and R.

As per check list of B. & McD. Feb. 1917.

AuTOMERis BOucARDi, Druce.

We call attention to the original description and figures of this insect in the Biologia Centrali-Americana. Neither the text, the figures nor the type locality seem at all to fit Automeris pamina aurosea to vi^hich this species was sunk in the Check List, B. and McD., Feb. 1917. Should the insect eventually prove conspecific with Automeris pamina we venture the guess that it will certainly prove a decidedly valid race. While the course of the lines and the white markings on the primaries next to the thorax suggests pamina we have never seen pamina with the distinct shadings outside of the t.p. line shown in Druce's figures of boucardi.

A REVISION OF THE NOCTUID MOTHS HERE- TOFORE REFERRED TO THE GENUS GROTELLA, HARVEY

Grotella, Harvey.

Type: Grotella septempunctata, Harv. 1874, Harv., Bull. BuflF. Soc. Nat. Sci., II, 278, septempunctata, Harv., sole species and therefore type.

Proboscis fully developed; palpi short, the second joint upturned and moderately scaled, the third porrect. Frons with a large hoUowed-out process with corneous walls, and with an additional obliquely truncate central process, the tip of which is hoUowed-out, its ventral margin being produced more than the dorsal. Eyes smooth, not ciliated, Antennae simple, in both sexes. Fore tibia with at least a long curved claw on the inner side and shorter claw or heavy spine on the outer. Mid tibia spined. Hind tibia usually with a spine between the spurs, often small and difficult to see. Abdomen and wings smoothly scaled. Primaries; veins; 3 (Cu^) from before angle of cell, 5 (M^) from above angle, 6 (M^^) from upper angle, 9 (Rg) from 10 (Rg) anastomos- ing with 8 (R^) to form the areole, 11 (R^) from cell. Secondaries; veins 3 and 4 (Cu^ and Mg) from angle of cell, 5 (M^) from about a third below the middle of the discocellulars, almost fully developed, 6, 7, (M^, R) shortly stalked from upper angle.

Genitalia : a paired, heavily chitenized organ arising from the dorso-caudal margin of the valves, present, extending to near the base of the uncus and sup- porting the aedoeagus. This may be a part of the anellus or juxta. Penis bearing at least some heavy spines, usually a great many, (cornuti of Pierce). Uncus usually with the tip broadened, spoon-shaped, and bearing a spine at or near the end.

The armature of the tibiae is variable, but probably more or less constant specifically. The small slender spines on the fore tibiae above the spurs are often difficult to see, as is the presence or absence of the single spine between the spurs on each hind tibia. The authors desire to point out that the small spines are easily broken, and also that they are frequently so small and so inter- mingled with the tibial vestiture that it is practically impossible to tell the correct spinulation. The number of spines on the fore tibiae and the presence or absence of spines on the other tibiae, as seen thru an ordinary binocular microscope, is listed under each species.

The frontal processes are often slightly different between species and usually rather constant within a given species. This character is too compara- tive to be of much use except as a check on identifications.

The types of all species considered are in the Barnes Collection with the exception of septempunctata, dis, and "Cisthene" lactea, the

9

two first named being represented by compared specimens which are also probably topotypical.

The authors remove colora from Grotella and erect the genus Grotellaforma for this species, the tibiae being unspined. Spaiildingi is also removed, and a new genus, Neogrotella, erected to contain it, along with two other species (new), i. e., confusa and mcdunnoughi. In these the central prominence is distinctly beak-like, not hollowed- out in front, as in Grotella.

The proposed genera for the species heretofore referred to the genus Grotella are :

I. Fore and mid tibiae, at least, spined.

A. Central prominence of front obliquely truncate, and hol- lowed-out Grotella

B. Central prominence of front not obliquely truncate and hollowed-out; prominently beak-like Neogrotella

II. Tibia unspined, fore tibiae without claws Grotellaforma

Keys are given before the specific descriptions under each genus, except Grotellaforma which contains the sole species colora, in the hope that they may serve to place the majority of the specimens. The occasional abherrant specimen will have to be carefully compared with accurately determined material ; but the specific descriptions given here- with, may prove of some assistance in this regard. Rather than quote the original descriptions the authors have seen fit to redescribe the species because of the availability of the types.

Key to the Species of the Genus Grotella

I. Primaries with the ground color white or very pale cream- white,

A. Primaries marked by small black spots or dots only,

never more than four in the medial — s. t. regions,

a. Primaries with the ground color satiny-chalk-white,

a^. Fringe and terminal area (primaries) concolor-

ously white,

a^. With a medial line of four distinct black

spots or dots septempunctata

b^. The medial line with a maximum of three black dots or spots, the ordinary second spot outside of the cell in the t. p. line area; the black spots often obsolescent, a^. Secondaries with the basal area, at least, not contrasting with the ground

10

color of the primaries and with the medial band usually conspicuously

fuscous on a paler ground blanca

h^. Secondaries distinctly contrasting with the ground color of the primaries and with the medial band obscured on a

dark-fuscous ground dis.

b^. Fringe (primaries) with more or less distinct black or blackish spots or dots at base, a^. Expanse 21-24 mm., dots at the base of the fringe usually clean-cut, very distinct

(Arizona) sampita

b^. Expanse 24-25 mm., dots at the base of the fringe not clean-cut, appearing as discon- colorous spots rather than as distinct dots

(Colorado) harveyi

b. Primaries with the ground color creamy-white ; not bright satiny-chalk-white, a^. Valve of male without heavily chitenized

clasper-like projection (N. Mex. & Ariz.) parvipuncta

b^. Valve of male with heavily chitenized clasper- like projection,

a2. Valve characteristic, Nevada vagans

b^. Valve characteristic. So. Calif stretchi

B. Primaries conspicuously marked by black or brownish black spots formed into bands, always more than four in medial — s. t. regions,

a. Primaries marked with black or brownish black only, on white or whitish ground, (two colors)

a^ With spots on veins 2 (CUg) and 3 (Cu^) in s. t. area; hind wing with a broad fuscous ter- minal band soror

b^. Without spots on veins 2 and 3 in s. t. area;

hind wing without broad fuscous terminal band bifida

b. Primaries marked with an additional distinctly

brown band or line thru s. t. area, (three colors) tricolor

II. Primaries darker; olivaceous, brown or yellow, not white,

A. Ground color of primaries some shade of lemon-yellow citronella

B. Ground color of primaries not lemon-yellow,

a. Collar tinged with orange, disconcolorous with

thorax ; habitus Grotella-like grisescens

b. Collar not tinged with orange, concolorous with thorax; habitus of a small Narthecophora pulverea,

t. a., t. p. and reniform usually visible olivacea

11

Grotella septempunctata, Harv. (fig. 1).

1874, Harv., Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci., II, 278, Grotella. 1882, Sm. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, X, 218, pi. VIII, f. 8, Grotella. 1893, Sm., Bull. U. S. N. M., XLIV, 266, Grotella. 1903, Hamp., Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., IV, 96, text fig. 31, Grotella. 1912, B. & McD., Cont. Nat. Hist. Lep. N. A., I, #4, 11, pi. IV, f. 5, Grotella.

Front with a large hollowed out process with corneous walls with an addi- tional obliquely truncate central process the tip of which is hollowed out, its ventral margin being considerably more produced than the dorsal. Fore tibia rather short, with a moderately heavy curved claw and two very slender spines on the inner side; and a heavy spine or short claw on the outer. Mid tibia moderately spined. Hind tibia with a single spine between the spurs, near the last pair.

Head, collar, thorax, abdomen and ground color of the primaries pure satiny white. The latter with seven distinct black dots on each, as follows; a transverse anterior row of three, and a medial row of four. Occasionally traces of two minute dots in the basal region. Secondaries; pure white in all specimens before the authors except one in which there is a few fuscous scales thru the costal region. Beneath; primaries suffused with fuscous, paler to nearly white in the anal region. Secondaries ; pure white except for some fuscous scal- ing thru the costal region.

Expanse; 21-22 mm.

Uncus with a spoon-shaped tip, from the dorsal surface of which arises a heavy spine. Vinculum pointed. Penis with a large number of heavy spines which appear to half fill the aedoeagus sheath.

This species is represented in the Barnes Collection from Kerr- ville and Shovel Mt., Texas. Type locality; Texas. Type; British Museum, $.

Grotella harveyi, sp. nov. (fig. 2).

Front and legs similar to septempunctata.

Head, collar, thorax, and ground color of the primaries pure white, the latter marked with black spots, essentially as in septempunctata but the spots are much heavier, and there is a trace of black checkering in the fringe. The two small basal spots, vestigial in septempunctata, are well marked. Secon- daries; slightly tinged with fuscous, especially toward the costa. Beneath: pri- maries deep fuscous; secondaries white, except along the costal margin which is fuscous, a spot on the discocellular vein and some fuscous shading extending from the costal region into the medial area outwardly from the ordinary spot.

Expanse: 24-25 mm. (A somewhat larger species than septempunctata.)

Genitalia: similar to septempunctata but the uncus spine is more apical and the vinculum more rounded, the tip not to as distinct a point.

12

This species is probably represented in the Barnes Collection by four specimens besides the types. One is a male, Colorado, (Bruce), but lacks the checkering to the fringe and is without an abdomen ; the others are females, (1) S. W. Colo., Aug., (Oslar), but with the sec- ondaries darker than in the types; (2) Colorado, without other data and apparently an imperfectly expanded specimen for the primaries are less trigonate than is normal in the genus, (3) Colorado, (Bruce), "Type" (Paratype) of sampita, but is almost certainly the present species.

Type localities and number and sexes of types: $ Holotype, Denver, Colo., (Oslar); 9 Allotype, Colorado (Bruce).

Grotella sampita, Barnes, (fig. 3).

1907, Barnes, Can. Ent., XXXIX, 93, Grotella. 1912, B. & McD., Cont. Nat. Hist. Lep. N. A., I, #4, 11, pi. IV, f. 10, Grotella.

Front and legs essentially as in septenipunctata, except that the claw on the inner side of the fore tibia appears to be very slightly longer and heavier.

Head, collar, thorax and ground color of the primaries pure white. Black spots present on primaries, as in harveyi, 2 basal, 3 transverse anterior, and 4 medial. A clean-cut row of black spots checker the fringe. Secondaries; fuscous, whitish toward the base and in the anal region ; in occasional specimens, white. A trace of the medial band, usually so prominent in hlanca, present, never pronounced. Fringe usually plainly checkered at base by a row of black spots. Beneath as in harveyi, but the fuscous and white more contrasting, ex- cept in the occasional pale specimens.

Expanse: 21-24 mm.

Genitalia: Similar to blanca, but the uncus has an even broader end, the spine is shorter and quite dorsal ; and the vinculum, while of the same general pattern, has a spine-like tip.

This species is represented in the Barnes Collection from Reding - ton ; Palmerlee ; Mohave Co. ; and Paradise, Cochise Co., Arizona ; be- sides the types. The Mohave Co. specimens are the ones that possess the pale secondaries. They may represent a race, or even a distinct species, but if so, are remarkably closely allied to sampita in genitalia.

Type localities and number and sexes of types: "Type", $ , Southern Arizona, (Poling), which is hereby designated the Lectotype; "Type", 9, Wilgus, Cochise Co., Ariz., (Allotype) ; also 1 9 "Typt", Colorado, (Bruce), which is placed in harveyi.

Grotella blanca, Barnes, (fig. 4).

1904, Barnes, Can. Ent, XXXVI, 239, Grotella. 1912, B. & McD.. Cont. Nat. Hist. Lep. N. A., I, #4, 11, pi. IV, f. 18, Grotella.

13

Front and legs essentially the same as in septempunctata.

Head, collar, thorax and ground color of the primaries pure white. There are seven distinct spots and two small basal dots on each primary, as follows : three black spots in the t. a. region, extending in a diagonal line from the costa to the inner margin ; whereas in all pure-white winged species except dis, the second spot is almost directly beneath the costal spot, or basad of it. The medial row contains only three spots, one on costa, one below the cell in the submedian fold and one on the inner margin, the usual second spot being in the transverse posterior region beyond the end of the cell. Secondaries : White, somewhat suffused with fuscous, especially apically; and with a more or less distinct, transverse, fuscous medial band. Some of the other white winged Grotella species show a trace of the medial band on the hind wing, but the present species is unique in usually possessing a distinct band. Beneath ; as in harveyi, but the discocellular spot is not visible.

Expanse: 25-26 mm.

Genitalia: essentially as in septempunctata, but the vinculum is more pointed, tapering gradually to a very decided point. The uncus is slightly broader at the tip which is of the usual spoon-shape and possesses the dorsal spine. The valves are quite different, as may be seen from the figure.

This species is represented in the Barnes Collection from Pal- merlee, and Babaquivera Mts., Pima Co., Arizona ; besides the types.

Type localities and number and sexes of types: "Type $ ", Southern Ari- zona, July 15-30, (PoHng), which we hereby designate the Lectotype. "Type 9", (Allotype), Wilgus, Cochise Co., Arizona.

Grotella dis, Grt. (fig. 6).

1883, Grt., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (5), XI, 55, Grotella. 1883, Grt., Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci., VIH, 55. Grotella. 1893, Sm., Bull. U. S. N. M., XLIV, 266, Grotella. 1903, Hamp., Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., IV, 96, pi. LVII, f. 10, Grotella. 1903, Holl., Moth Book, p. 220, pi. XXVII, f. 8, Grotella. 1912, B. & McD., Cont. Nat. Hist. Lep. N. A., I, # 4, 11, pi. IV, f. 6, Grotella.

Front and legs essentially the same as in septempunctata.

Head, collar, and thorax same color as ground of primaries. Primaries : pure white, black dots present or absent, usually small, often vestigial ; when visible as in parvipuncta and hlanca. Secondaries : almost evenly suffused with fuscous, presenting a dark appearance, somewhat paler toward the anal region. Often a trace of a medial shade line, but very vestigial and difficult to see. Be- neath: primaries heavily suffused with fuscous, only the fringe appearing white; secondaries white, dusky along costal margin and with a trace of a vestigial median band.

This species is very closely allied to parvipuncta; but, as pointed out by Barnes and McDunnough, easily separated by the white instead of cream-white color of the primaries.

Expanse: 22-27 mm.

14

Genitalia: almost identical with parvipuncta, except in the shape and size of the valves, and the fact that the chitenized flap is quite different in shape, as shown by the figure.

Apparently these two species are very closely allied, and probably one is of recent development from the other or they have originated from a common ancestor within a comparatively recent date.

This species is represented in the Barnes Collection from Jemez Springs and Fort Wingate, N. Mex. ; White Mts., and Paradise. Cochise Co., Ariz.

Type locality: New Mexico.

Types in: Neumoegen and Snow Collections.

Grotella parvipuncta, B. & McD. (fig. 5).

1912, B. & McD., Can. Ent., XLIV, 19, Grotella. 1912, B. & McD., Cont. Nat. Hist. Lep. N. A., I, # 4, 11, pi. IV, f. 19, ("Type 9"), Grotella.

Front and legs essentially as in septempunctata, the claw on the fore tibia somewhat heavier.

Head, collar, thorax and ground color of the primaries creamy-white, not with the satiny chalk-white of dis. Spots seldom plain, usually vestigial ; when present, spaced as in blanca. Secondaries : dusky. Beneath : primaries, fuscous ; secondaries, creamy-white with some slight amount of fuscous along costal and outer margins.

Expanse: 23-24 mm.

This species is represented in the Barnes Collection from Jemez Springs, N. Mex. ; and Mohave, and Plane Mine, Bill Williams River, Yuma Co., Ariz., besides the types.

The "type $" has the secondaries somewhat paler than the remainder of the type series, but we believe this is due to. being a rather worn specimen. Our idea of a typical specimen of the species is representd by the figure of the "Type 9" in the "Contributions." We prefer not to designate either the male or female "Type" as the lectotype until sufficient specimens have come to hand to prove, beyond doubt, that they are conspecific. The "T3T)e $" lacks the body, so we cannot examine its genitalia.

Genitalia: similar to blanca and dis, but differing in the size and shape of the valve and the auxiliary flap-like structure on the basal third of the valve.

Type localities and number and sexes of types: "Type $ ", Fort Wingate, N. Mex., July 24-31; "Type 9", Fort Wingate, N. Mex., July 1-7; "Cotype(s)" (Paratypes), 1 ^,1 9, Deming, N. Mex., Sept. 1-7.

Grotella stretchi, sp. nov. (fig. 7).

Front as in G. septempunctata. Fore tibia with long curved claw on inner side and about three small spines above; one curved claw-like spine on outer

15

side and two small spines above. Mid tibia spined. Hind tibia with a spine between the spurs.

Head, collar, thorax, primaries and their fringes concolorously white with a cream tinge, slightly more so than parvipuncta, but relatively pure white when contrasted with spauldingi. A small black dot, in submedian fold, takes the place of a t. a. line ; a black dot at the end of the cell and another in the sub- median fold take the place of a t. p. line. All of the black dots are very minute. Secondaries : smoky, paler thru anal region, especially basally. Beneath : prima- ries, smoky-fuscous, the costal, outer and inner margins paler; with the fringe white. Secondaries : pale, with a very slight fuscous suffusion. A trace of a fuscous spot present, beyond the cell. Fringe white. Sexes similar.

Expanse: 23-24 mm.

Genitalia: uncus with spoon-shaped tip, and an apparently apical spine. Vinculum broadly rounded, the tip rather bluntly pointed. Tegumen rather heavy. A spine patch on the penis, heavy, but comparatively very light for a Grotella, composed of long heavy spines at the base, with some short spines set on chitenous humps toward the caudal end ; intermingled with these "ordi- nary" spines is a corona-like set of small heavy spines. The valves of this species and vagans are quite unique in the genus.

Type locality and sex of type: $ Holotype, Palm Springs, Riverside Co., Calif., April 16-23.

Grotella vagans, sp. nov. (fig. 8).

Front essentially as in septempunctata. Fore tibia with an outer short claw and two spines above, an inner heavy claw with two spines above, and an ad- ditional spine at the tip. Mid tibia heavily spinulated. Hind tibia with a spine between the spurs.

Head, collar, thorax and primaries concolorously white, the white grayed with a somewhat creamy tinge; not the satiny-chalk white of the septempunctata group. Black dots on primaries obsolescent, apparently nearly as in parvipuncta. Fringe white, darker at the base. Secondaries : somewhat variable, being rather heavily suffused with fuscous on a white ground, in one specimen appearing quite deep fuscous. Fringe white. Beneath : primaries blackish-fuscous ; sec- ondaries pale, not white, somewhat darkened by fuscous. Fringe white.

Expanse: about 23 mm.

Genitalia: similar to stretchi; uncus with the tip considerably broadened and spoon-shaped with a dorsal spine; vinculum with a definite point; penis armed with fewer spines than typical in the genus; valves similar to stretchi, but shorter and broader, the chitenous clasper-like projection extremely heavy and somewhat longer.

Type locality: Clark Co., Nev.; April 24-30.

Number and sex of types: $ Holotype; 2 $ Paratypes.

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Grotella binda, Barnes, (fig. 9).

1907, Barnes, Can. Ent., XXXIX, 93, Grotella. 1912, B. & McD., Cont. Nat. Hist. Lep. N. A., I, # 4, 11, pi. IV, f. 12, Grotella.

Front and legs essentially as in semtempunctata, but in the specimens be- fore the authors there appear to be neither the small spines on the fore tibia nor any spine on the hind tibia.

Head, collar, thorax, and ground color of the primaries white, with a very faint yellowish tinge. A black spot present on costa, near base; four heavy black spots forming an only slightly interrupted t. a. line; a black spot on costa in medial area; a black spot substituting the reniform; an only slightly interrupted t. p. line of heavy black spots (7-9) ; a black spot on costa and an- other small one just below take the place of an s. t. line; a black band along the outer margin, broken into quadrilateral black spots by the white veins. Fringe : pale, slightly darkened terminally. Secondaries : pale, soiled with some fuscous scaling toward the apex. Fringe : white. Beneath : primaries yellowish fuscous, white along the inner margin; traces of the t. a., t. p., and reniform showing thru; a conspicuous, quadrilateral yellowish patch near apex; a ter- minal darker band broken by the veins into spots. Fringe pale, tipped with some fuscous. Secondaries: white, fuscous thruout costal region.

Expanse: 19-23 mm.

Genitalia: uncus without spoon-shaped tip, but dorsal spine present, pro- nounced ; vinculum short, tapering rapidly as a circular triangle to a point ; penis with a very heavy spine patch, the caudal spines being somewhat shorter and with their bases widened ; the valves, radically different from all other species of the genus Grotella, examined by the authors, except tricolor, which seems to be the extreme. The armature of the valves is more hair-like, but similar to tricolor, and is omitted from the figure for the sake of clearness.

This species is represented in the Barnes Collection from ; Santa

Catalina Mts., Pinal Co., Arizona, Aug. 1-7; Chiricahua Mts., Cochise

Co., Ariz.; San Bernardino Ranch, 3750 ft., Cochise Co., Ariz., Aug.,

(F. H. Snow) ; Redington, Ariz., Christmas, Gila Co., Ariz., So. Ariz.;

Deming, N. Mex., Sept. 1-7; So. N. Mex., Aug. 23-30, (Poling);

"N. Mex.", Aug.

Type localities and number and sexes of types: "Type", $ , Santa Catalina Mts., (no date), hereby designated the Lectotype; "Type", 9, Chiricahua Mts., (no date), to be considered the Allotype; "Type", 9, So. Arizona, (Poling), which may be considered to have paratj^pical status.

Grotella tricolor, Barnes, (fig. 10).

1904, Barnes, Can. Ent., XXXVI, 240, Grotella. 1912, B. & McD, Cont. Nat. Hist. Lep. N. A., I, # 4, 11, pi. IV, ff. 16-17, Grotella.

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Front similar to septempunctata. Fore tibia with a somewhat shorter inner claw, only about one-half to two-thirds of its length, and somewhat longer and heavier outer spine than in septempunctata. Two smaller spines are present on the inner side, and also what appears to be a vestige of two additional slender and minute spines. There are two additional slim spines on the outer side. Mid tibia with three or four spines on upper half only. Hind tibia with a small, slim, spine ; near apical spurs ; only visible in an occasional specimen.

Primaries: ground color pure white; with a black spot on costa near the base; a t. a. line of four black spots; a black spot on costa in medial region; a black spot near end of cell; t. p. line of black spots, some of which may be connected ; followed by the s. t. band of the ground color, thru the center of which is a distinct brown shade line ; s. t. line of eight or nine black spots, often partially conjoined ; a short brown dash, near and parallel to outer margin above vein 2 (Cu^) ; a terminal row of black spots in the female, con- tinued onto the white fringe, causing it to be checkered ; in the male the spots appear to be confined to a checkering of the fringe, but are very pronounced. Secondaries : fuscous, paler toward the base. A trace of a medial line present. Beneath : primaries heavily suffused with yellowish-fuscous over a white ground, white in anal region. A terminal yellowish shade, obscured toward inner mar- gin, continued along costa, where it is broken by s. t. and t. p. fuscous shades. Fringe checkered. Secondaries : white, suffused with fuscous along costal and outer margins, with a fuscous medial shade line and discal spot.

Head, collar, and thorax same color as the ground of the primaries.

Expanse: 20-24 mm.

Genitalia: uncus without spoon-shaped tip, the point drawn out spine- like; vinculum short and rounded, only the very end somewhat pointed; penis with a very heavy dense spine-patch, toward the caudal end of which the spines become very short but very heavy and mounted on mound-like bases. The valves are exceptionally and radically different in shape from any other species known to the authors except hinda. Probably soror will be found to have a similar valve. There are a quantity of spine-like hairs along the inner or dorsal margin of the valves and a very distinct hair-tuft from the cephalic edge of the inbent projection, near the center of the valve, which have been omitted from the figure for the sake of clearness.

This species is represented in the Barnes Collection from: Santa Catalina Mts., Pinal Co., Aug. 1-7, 24-30, and Redington, Arizona; Southern Arizona, (Poling) ; and "Arizona."

Type localities and number and sexes of types: "Type", $ , Santa Catalina Mts., Aug. 24-30, hereby designated the lectotype; "Type $", So. Arizona, (Poling).

Grotella soror, B. & McD.

1912, B. & McD., Can. Ent., XLIV, 19, Grotella. 1912, B. & McD., Cont- Nat. Hist. Lep. N. A., I, # 4, 11, pi. IV, f. 13, ("Type 9"), Grotella.

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Front essentially as in septempunctata, the central prominence possibly not as much produced. Fore tibia with a heavy inner claw and three or four spines, the outer side with a short spine only. Mid tibia with about four spines on upper half only. Hind tibia unspined (?).

The original description, plus the figure in the "Contributions" will serve to identify this insect. The brown abdomen may be the result of staining, but apparently is not. Most of the specimens of hinda appear to have a brown abdomen due to staining, but in fresh specimens the abdomen matches the thorax.

The female type is a unique, so the genitalia are unavailable for study. The insect certainly seems closely associated v/ith hinda and tricolor, but is abundantly distinct. It differs from the former in the more even t. p. line, the presence of an apical brownish-black patch, and patches near the termination of veins 2 and 3 (CUg and Cu^), and the fact that the brownish-black checker- ing of the fringe does not extend backv/ard into the terminal area of the wing itself as it does in females of hinda. The secondaries are much more heavily suffused with fuscous, being slightly pale only along the basal portion of costa, and the lower basal half of the wing. A very broad deep-fuscous band along the outer margin, nearly extending inward to the middle of the wing, suggests the same band present in many species of Oncocnemis and is not present in any other Grotella known to us.

Expanse: about 24 mm.

Type locality: Redington, Ariz.

Type: "Type 9", (Holotype), Unique.

Grotella grisescens, B. & McD. (fig. 11).

1910, B. & McD., Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, XVIII, 157, Antaplaga. 1912, B. & McD., Cont. Nat. Hist. Lep. N. A., I, # 4, 27, pi. XII, f. 10, ("Type 9"), "Antaplaga", Grotella.

Front essentially as in septempunctata. Fore tibia with an outer claw- like spine and a very heavy inner claw, but the authors are unable to find any other spines. The mid tibia spined. Hind tibia unspined (?).

Head, thorax, and abdomen the same creamy-olivaceous color as the costal region of the primaries. Collar with at least some lemon coloring, usually pro- nounced ; the disconcolorous collar a unique character in the genus as far as known to the authors. Primaries : with the ground color smoky-brown, heavily dusted with creamy-olivaceous scales, the ground color plainly showing only in the medial area in the space from below the cell to the inner margin; else showing faintly thru the olivaceous dusting especially where the scales have been rubbed. The olivaceous shade is strongest on the costa, being quite creamj' in tone. Fringe: pale creamy-olivaceous. Secondaries: light smoky-brown, the fringes somewhat paler. Beneath: prim.aries, deep fuscous; secondaries: pale cream color without markings. Fringes somewhat paler.

Expattse: about 21-22 mm.

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Genitalia: uncus with minute, almost vestigial, dorsal spine near tip, but with the tip semi-cylindrical, not spoon-shaped; vinculum tapering to a blunt point; heavy spine patch on penis; valves with sacculus at base, as shown in the figure, formed apparently by the way the valves are folded at the base, not a more heavily chitenized structure unaltering the width of the basal portion as in Grotellaforma colora.

Notes: four specimens only in the Barnes Collection, all from Deming, N. Mex.

Type: "Type 9" (Holotype), Deming, N. Mex., Sept. 1-7.

Grotella olivacea, B. & McD. (fig. 12).

1911, B. & McD., Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, XIX, 152, Grotella. 1912, B. & McD., Cont. Nat. Hist. Lep. N. A., 1, # 4, 11, pi. IV, f. 8, ("Type $"), Grotella.

Front essentially as in septempunctata, but the main process is projected somewhat further, is more cup-shaped; and the smaller central process exceeds the palpi. In consequence, the palpi are somewhat "folded". Fore tibia with a very heavy inner claw, and outer claw-like spine ; but apparently lacking the two small spines on the inner side. Mid tibia spined. Hind tibia unspined (?).

Head, collar, thorax, abdomen and ground color of the primaries concolor- ous ; variable in intensity, but always some shade of olive-brown. The primaries crossed by t. a. and t. p. lines of darker brown, variably distinct, the former straight below costa, obliqued strongly outward below cell, thence obliqued in- wardly to the inner margin. T. p. line outcurved and dentate around end of cell, thence with a single incurve to the inner margin. Reniform present, usually distinct, as a pale dot or bar at the end of the cell. S. t. shade usually vague. Fringe: brownish, interlined with darker brown. Secondaries: fuscous-brown. Fringe paler, interlined with darker. Beneath : primaries with the ground color nearly as on the upper side, slightly paler apically. Secondaries : cream-color.

Habitus: greatly resembling a small Narthecophora pulverea; and is the only species of Grotella known to the authors, possessing such a habitus.

Expanse: 18-21 mm.

Genitalia: uncus with tip slightly spoon-shaped and with dorsal spine; vinculum tapering, but the point is much blunter than typical in the genus ; penis with a large number of spines, but the ones near the basal end appear some- what longer and heavier than in septempunctata,